如何生成自签名证书

2017-04-13 16:52:09
make work dir
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cd /etc/pki/CA/ && umask 0077 && mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/{private,certs,crl,csr,newcerts,private} && touch index.txt && echo '00'>serial
config file /etc/pki/CA/openssl.conf
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HOME            = .
RANDFILE        = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
oid_section     = new_oids
[ new_oids ]
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7
[ ca ]
default_ca  = CA_default        # The default ca section
[ CA_default ]
dir     = /etc/pki/CA       # Where everything is kept
certs       = $dir/certs        # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir     = $dir/crl      # Where the issued crl are kept
database    = $dir/index.txt    # database index file.
                   # several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts     # default place for new certs.
certificate = $dir/certs/ca.crt     # The CA certificate
serial      = $dir/serial       # The current serial number
crlnumber   = $dir/crlnumber    # the current crl number
                   # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl     = $dir/crl/crl.pem      # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/ca.key   # The private key
RANDFILE    = $dir/private/.rand    # private random number file
x509_extensions = usr_cert      # The extentions to add to the cert
name_opt    = ca_default        # Subject Name options
cert_opt    = ca_default        # Certificate field options
default_days    = 3650          # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30            # how long before next CRL
default_md  = sha256        # use public key default MD
preserve    = no            # keep passed DN ordering
policy      = policy_dn
[ policy_match ]
countryName     = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName    = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName      = supplied
emailAddress        = optional
[ policy_anything ]
countryName     = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName        = optional
organizationName    = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName      = supplied
emailAddress        = optional
[ policy_dn ]
countryName             = supplied              # required parameter, any value allowed
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = match                 # required, and must match root certificate
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied              # required parameter, any value allowed
emailAddress            = optional              # email in DN is deprecated, use subjectAltName
[ req ]
default_bits        = 2048
default_md      = sha256
encrypt_key             = no
prompt                  = yes
default_keyfile     = client.key
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert
string_mask = utf8only
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName         = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default     = CN
countryName_min         = 2
countryName_max         = 2
stateOrProvinceName     = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Beijing
localityName            = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default        = Beijing
0.organizationName      = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default  = Beijing Century Fortunet Network Technology Co.,Ltd.
organizationalUnitName      = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
organizationalUnitName_default  = IT Operation Management
commonName          = Common Name (eg, your name or your server\'s hostname)
commonName_max          = 64
emailAddress            = Email Address
emailAddress_max        = 64
emailAddress_default        = admin@conf.top
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword       = A challenge password
challengePassword_min       = 4
challengePassword_max       = 20
unstructuredName        = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
basicConstraints    = CA:FALSE
nsComment       = "CONFCA Generated Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer
[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints    = CA:FALSE
keyUsage        = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage        = serverAuth, clientAuth
subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
subjectAltName      = @alt_names
[ v3_ca ]
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer
keyUsage        = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment, keyAgreement, keyCertSign, cRLSign
extendedKeyUsage        = serverAuth, clientAuth, codeSigning, timeStamping, emailProtection, msEFS, 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.11, 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.2
basicConstraints = CA:true
[ X509_ca ]
basicConstraints        = CA:TRUE
nsCertType              = sslCA                 # restrict the usage
keyUsage                = keyCertSign, cRLSign  # restrict the usage
subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid:always,issuer:always
[ X509_server ]
basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
nsCertType              = server                # restrict the usage
keyUsage                = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage        = serverAuth            # restrict the usage
subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer
[ X509_client ]
basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
nsCertType              = client                # restrict the usage
keyUsage                = digitalSignature      # restrict the usage
extendedKeyUsage        = clientAuth            # restrict the usage
subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer
[ crl_ext ]
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always
[ proxy_cert_ext ]
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
nsComment           = "CONFCA Generated Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo
[ tsa ]
default_tsa = tsa_config1   # the default TSA section
[ tsa_config1 ]
dir     = ./demoCA      # TSA root directory
serial      = $dir/tsaserial    # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device   = builtin       # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem  # The TSA signing certificate
                   # (optional)
certs       = $dir/cacert.pem   # Certificate chain to include in reply
                   # (optional)
signer_key  = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
default_policy  = tsa_policy1       # Policy if request did not specify it
                   # (optional)
other_policies  = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3  # acceptable policies (optional)
digests     = md5, sha1     # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy    = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100  # (optional)
clock_precision_digits  = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering        = yes   # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
               # (optional, default: no)
tsa_name        = yes   # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
               # (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain   = no    # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
               # (optional, default: no)
[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = conf.top
DNS.2 = *.conf.top
DNS.3 = vpn.conf.top
DNS.4 = *.vpn.conf.top
DNS.5 = ldap.conf.top
DNS.6 = *.ldap.conf.top

该文件主要设置了证书请求、签名、crl相关的配置。主要相关的伪命令为ca和req。对于x509不用该配置文件
该文件从功能结构上分为4个段落：默认段、ca相关的段、req相关的段、tsa相关的段。每个段中都以name=value的格式定义。
该文件中没有被引用的段被视为忽略段，不会起到任何作用。
每个段中可以书写哪些name以及它们的意义，可以man相关命令，如man ca可以查看ca相关段可以书写的name，man req可以查看req相关段可以书写的name。

如有域名或更多的IP，请参考如下方式追加：

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DNS.1 = [example1.com]
DNS.2 = [example2.com]
IP.2 = [IP2]
IP.3 = [IP3]

create ca 
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# 创建CA证书的私钥
openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key 2048
# 创建CA证书的公钥，其他配置可以默认，出现 Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
# 的时候一定不能默认了，CA证书这里就输入CONFCA
openssl req -days 177121 -new -sha256 -x509 -key private/ca.key -out certs/ca.crt -config openssl.cnf
create domain cert 
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## 创建key
openssl genrsa -out private/conf.top.key 2048  
## 生成csr文件,同样遇到输入 Common Name  的时候不能默认，这里输入conf.top
openssl req -new -sha256 -key private/conf.top.key -out csr/conf.top.csr -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf
## 签名证书
openssl ca -days 30659 -in csr/conf.top.csr -out certs/conf.top.crt -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cnf

ref
ssl域名证书
openssl生成证书链多级证书
openssl-toolkit
How to create your own PKI with openssl
Sign and verify a file using OpenSSL command line tool

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