Prometheus的信使

2016-11-19 10:27:03

前言

今天介绍下Prometheus的好基友Alertmanager，让我们看下官方是怎么介绍的呢

The Alertmanager handles alerts sent by client applications such as the Prometheus server. It takes care of deduplicating, grouping, and routing them to the correct receiver integrations such as email, PagerDuty, or OpsGenie. It also takes care of silencing and inhibition of alerts

下面让我们详细解释下

grouping
分组是指当出现问题时，Alertmanager会收到一个单一的通知，比如当系统宕机时，很有可能成百上千的警报会同时生成，这种机制在某节点服务器中断中特别有用。

inhibition of alerts
抑制是指当报警发出后，停止重复发送此警报引发的其他错误的报警机制。
场景：
当网络交换机节点故障，可以配置Alertmanager忽略由该警报触发而产生的所有其他警报，这可以防止通知数百或数千与此问题不相关的其他警报。

silencing
沉默是一种简单的特定时间静音提醒的机制。一种沉默是通过匹配器来配置，就像路由树一样。传入的警报会匹配RE，如果匹配，将不会为此警报发送通知。

设置警报和通知的主要步骤

  • 安装配置Alertmanager
  • 配置Prometheus通过 -alertmanager.url与Alertmanager通信
  • 在Prometheus中创建报警规则

让我们来了解下它的架构吧，如下图:
Alertmanager架构图

这里我简单聊聊配置文件，贴出官网的一个示例，具体详细配置，请移步这里
Alertmanager通过命令行flag和一个配置文件进行配置。命令行flag配置不变的系统参数、配置文件定义的禁止规则、通知路由和通知接收器。
Alertmanager在运行时加载配置，如果不能很好的形成新的配置，更改将不会被应用，并记录错误。

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global:
  # The smarthost and SMTP sender used for mail notifications.
  smtp_smarthost: 'localhost:25'
  smtp_from: 'alertmanager@example.org'

# The root route on which each incoming alert enters.
route:
  # The root route must not have any matchers as it is the entry point for
  # all alerts. It needs to have a receiver configured so alerts that do not
  # match any of the sub-routes are sent to someone.
  receiver: 'team-X-mails'

  # The labels by which incoming alerts are grouped together. For example,
  # multiple alerts coming in for cluster=A and alertname=LatencyHigh would
  # be batched into a single group.
  group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster']

  # When a new group of alerts is created by an incoming alert, wait at
  # least 'group_wait' to send the initial notification.
  # This way ensures that you get multiple alerts for the same group that start
  # firing shortly after another are batched together on the first
  # notification.
  group_wait: 30s

  # When the first notification was sent, wait 'group_interval' to send a batch
  # of new alerts that started firing for that group.
  group_interval: 5m

  # If an alert has successfully been sent, wait 'repeat_interval' to
  # resend them.
  repeat_interval: 3h

  # All the above attributes are inherited by all child routes and can 
  # overwritten on each.

  # The child route trees.
  routes:
  # This routes performs a regular expression match on alert labels to
  # catch alerts that are related to a list of services.
  - match_re:
      service: ^(foo1|foo2|baz)$
    receiver: team-X-mails

    # The service has a sub-route for critical alerts, any alerts
    # that do not match, i.e. severity != critical, fall-back to the
    # parent node and are sent to 'team-X-mails'
    routes:
    - match:
        severity: critical
      receiver: team-X-pager

  - match:
      service: files
    receiver: team-Y-mails

    routes:
    - match:
        severity: critical
      receiver: team-Y-pager

  # This route handles all alerts coming from a database service. If there's
  # no team to handle it, it defaults to the DB team.
  - match:
      service: database

    receiver: team-DB-pager
    # Also group alerts by affected database.
    group_by: [alertname, cluster, database]

    routes:
    - match:
        owner: team-X
      receiver: team-X-pager

    - match:
        owner: team-Y
      receiver: team-Y-pager


# Inhibition rules allow to mute a set of alerts given that another alert is
# firing.
# We use this to mute any warning-level notifications if the same alert is
# already critical.
inhibit_rules:
- source_match:
    severity: 'critical'
  target_match:
    severity: 'warning'
  # Apply inhibition if the alertname is the same.
  equal: ['alertname']


receivers:
- name: 'team-X-mails'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'team-X+alerts@example.org'

- name: 'team-X-pager'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'team-X+alerts-critical@example.org'
  pagerduty_configs:
  - service_key: <team-X-key>

- name: 'team-Y-mails'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'team-Y+alerts@example.org'

- name: 'team-Y-pager'
  pagerduty_configs:
  - service_key: <team-Y-key>

- name: 'team-DB-pager'
  pagerduty_configs:
  - service_key: <team-DB-key>

ref
prometheus/alertmanager

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